Albert Einstein Biography, Early life

Born in Germany in 1879, Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of the twentieth century. His theories on relativity have set the stage for a new branch of physics, and Einstein's E = mc2 on mass-energy equivalence is one of the most famous formulas in the world. In 1921 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to theoretical physics and the evolution of quantum theory.

Einstein is also known as an original thinker, speaking of a series of humanitarian and global issues. After contributing to the theoretical development of nuclear physics and encouraging F. Roosevelt to launch the Manhattan project, he then spoke out against the use of nuclear weapons.

Born in Germany to Jewish parents, Einstein moved to Switzerland and, after the rise of Hitler in the United States. Einstein was a truly global man and one of the undisputed geniuses of the twentieth century.

Albert Einstein Early life

Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm the German Empire. His parents were working classes (salesman / engineer) and non-observers. 15, the family moved to Milan, Italy, where his father hoped that Albert would become a mechanical engineer. However, despite Einstein's intelligence and thirst for knowledge, his early academic reports suggested that it was a sparkling career in academia. His teachers found him weak and slow to learn. Part of the problem was that Albert was not interested in language learning and stage learning that was popular at the time.

"The school failed me and I failed at school. It bothered me. Teachers behaved like Feldwebel (sergeants). I wanted to learn what I wanted to know, but they wanted me to learn for the exam. "Einstein and the Poet (1983)
At the age of 12, Einstein picked up a book on geometry and read the cover to cover. He later referred to him as his "sacred book". He was fascinated by mathematics and taught himself - becoming familiar with the great scientific discoveries of the time.

Despite Albert's independent learning, he languished at school. Finally, he was asked to leave by the authorities because his indifference was a bad example for the other students.

He applied for admission to the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His first attempt was a failure because he failed the examinations in botany, zoology and languages. However, he passed next year and in 1900 became a Swiss citizen.

In college, he met a student Mileva Maric, and after a long friendship, they married in 1903; They had two sons before divorcing several years later.

In 1896, Einstein renounced his German nationality to avoid military conscription. For five years he was a stateless person before successfully applying for Swiss citizenship in 1901. After graduating from the Zurich college he tried to win a teaching post but none was strong; Instead, he earned a job in the Swiss Patent Office.

By working at the Patent Office, Einstein continued his own scientific discoveries and began radical experiments to consider the nature of light and space.

He published his first scientific paper in 1900 and, by 1905, completed his Ph.D. "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions". In addition to working on his doctorate, Einstein also worked feverishly on other papers. In 1905 he published four essential scientific works that would revolutionize modern physics. 1905 will later be called his 'annus mirabilis'

Einstein's work began to be recognized, and he received a post at the University of Zurich (1909), and in 1911 he was appointed a full professor at the Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague Was then a part of Austria-Empire of Hungary). He took Austrian-Hungarian citizenship to accept the job. In 1914 he returned to Germany and was appointed director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. (1914-1932)

Scientific contributions of Albert Einstein

Quantum theory

Einstein suggested that light does not move only as waves, but as electric currents. This photoelectric effect could force the metals to release a small flux of particles known as "quanta". From this quantum theory, other inventors have been able to develop devices such as television and cinema. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

Albert Einstein Special Theory of Relativity

This theory was written in a simple style with no footnotes or academic references. The core of his theory of relativity is that:

"Movement can only be detected and measured as relative motion; the change of position of one body in relation to another."
Thus, there is no absolute standard of comparison to judge the movement of land or plants. It was revolutionary because people previously thought time and distance were absolute. But, Einstein proved that this is not true.

He also said that if the electrons travel near the speed of light, their weight would increase.

This led to Einstein's famous equation:

E = mc2
Where E = energy m = mass and c = speed of light.

General Theory of Relativity 1916

Work from a special relativity base. Einstein sought to express all physical laws by using equations based on mathematical equations.

He devoted the last period of his life to trying to formulate a final unified field theory that included a rational explanation of electromagnetism. However, he had to be frustrated in the search for this latest theory of breakthrough.

Solar Eclipse of 1919

In 1911, Einstein predicted that the sun's gravity would bend the light of another star. He based this on his new general theory of relativity. On May 29, 1919, during a solar eclipse, the British astronomer and physicist Sir Arthur Eddington was able to confirm Einstein's prediction. The news has been published in newspapers around the world, and this has made Einstein internationally known as a leading physicist. It was also symbolic of the international cooperation between British and German scientists after the horrors of the First World War.

In the 1920s, Einstein traveled the world - including the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Palestine and other countries. Einstein gave lectures to packed audiences and became an internationally recognized figure for his work on physics as well as his broader observations on world affairs.

Albert Einstein Debates of Bohr-Einstein

In the 1920s, other scientists began to develop Einstein's work and draw different conclusions about quantum physics. In 1925 and 1926, Einstein participated in debates with Max Born on the nature of relativity and quantum physics. Although the two disagree on physics, they shared a mutual admiration.

Exile

As a German Jew, Einstein was threatened by the rise of the Nazi party. In 1933, when the seized power of the Nazi, they confiscated Einstein's property and began burning his books. Einstein, then in England, took an offer to go to Princeton University in the United States. He later wrote that he never had strong opinions about race and nationality, but that he considered himself a citizen of the world.

"I do not believe in race as such ... Running is a fraud ... All modern people are the conglomerate of so many ethnic mixes that no pure race remains."
Once in the United States, Einstein devoted himself to a strict discipline of university study. He would soon retain his dress and his image. He considered these things "inessential" and meant less time for his research. Einstein was notoriously absent. In his youth, he has already left his suitcase in a guest house. His friend's parents told Einstein's parents: "This young man will never be an element, because he can not remember anything."

Although a bit lonely, and happy in his own business, he had a good sense of humor. On January 3, 1943, Einstein received a letter from a girl who had difficulties with mathematics in her studies. Einstein consoled her when he wrote in reply to her letter

"Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics, I can assure you that mine is even bigger."
Einstein professed the belief in a God "Who is revealed in the harmony of every being". But he did not follow any established religion. His vision of God sought to establish harmony between science and religion.

"Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind".
- Einstein, Science and Religion (1941)

Albert Einstein's policy

Einstein describes himself as a Zionist socialist. He supported the state of Israel, but worried about the narrow nationalism of the new state. In 1952, he was offered the post of President of Israel, but he refused to say that he had:

"Neither the natural ability nor the experience of dealing with human beings" ... "I am deeply moved by the offer of our State of Israel, and both saddened and ashamed that I can not accept it ".

Albert Einstein has been involved in many civil rights movements such as the US campaign to end the lynching. He joined the National Association for the Advancement of Colorful People (NAACP) and considered racism, the worst disease of America. But he also talked about meritocracy in American society and the value of being able to speak freely.

At the beginning of the war in 1939, Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt about the prospect that Germany is developing an atomic bomb. He warned Roosevelt that the Germans were working in a bomb with devastating potential. Roosevelt directed his advice and began the Manhattan project to develop the American atomic bomb. But after the end of the war Einstein returned to his pacifist opinions. Einstein said after the war.

"If I had known that the Germans would not have managed to produce an atomic bomb, I would not have lifted a finger." (Newsweek, 10 March 1947)
In the post-war McCarthyite era, Einstein was closely scrutinized for potential communist links. He wrote an article in favor of socialism: "Why Socialism" (1949) He criticized capitalism and suggested a democratic socialist alternative. He was also a strong critic of the arms race. Einstein remarked:

"I do not know how the third world war will unfold, but I can tell you what they will use in the Quatre-Roches!"

Einstein was celebrated as a scientist, but he was a policeman with interests in many areas. In particular, he loved music. He wrote that if he had not been a scientist, he would have been a musician. Einstein played the violin at a high level.

"I often think of music, I live my dreams in music, I see my life in terms of music ... I get the most joy in the life of music.
Einstein died in 1955, at his request, his brain and vital organs were removed for scientific study.

Wednesday 8 November 2017